{"id":5296,"date":"2026-06-25T12:00:32","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T09:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/?p=5296"},"modified":"2026-07-09T12:36:51","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T09:36:51","slug":"comparative-study-of-titanium-doped-and-titanium-silver-co-doped-diamond-like-carbon-films","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/comparative-study-of-titanium-doped-and-titanium-silver-co-doped-diamond-like-carbon-films\/","title":{"rendered":"Comparative Study of Titanium-Doped and Titanium\u2013Silver Co-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Films"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are widely used in engineering and materials science due to their excellent hardness, wear resistance, and low friction properties. In this article, Oskars Platnieks, Liutauras Marcinauskas, Hassan Zhairabany, Anatolijs Sarakovskis, Edgars Vanags, Sergejs Gaidukovs, Hesam Khaksar, and Enrico Gnecco investigate the effects of titanium doping and titanium\u2013silver co-doping on the structural, tribological, and surface properties of hydrogen-free DLC films.<\/p>\n<p>The authors prepared titanium-doped DLC (Ti-DLC) and titanium\u2013silver co-doped DLC (Ti\/Ag-DLC) coatings using magnetron sputtering and evaluated their morphology, chemical composition, mechanical properties, wettability, and friction behavior. While titanium incorporation resulted in only modest changes in surface roughness and graphitization, the addition of silver provided further control over surface chemistry and tribological performance. In particular, Ti\/Ag co-doped films exhibited reduced surface oxidation and significantly lower coefficients of friction compared with undoped DLC coatings.<\/p>\n<p>Atomic force microscopy (AFM) played a central role in characterizing both surface topography and nanotribological behavior. Surface imaging and roughness analysis were performed using NANOSENSORS <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/uploads\/media\/files\/0001\/05\/f997a3cc1e5246390be0e9daa5c3a29213515cb7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PointProbe\u00ae Plus<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/pointprobe-plus-non-contact-tapping-mode-high-resonance-frequency-reflex-coating-afm-tip-PPP-NCHR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PPP-NCHR<\/a> AFM probes operating in tapping mode.<\/p>\n<p>Nanotribological investigations were carried out using NANOSENSORS <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/uploads\/media\/files\/0001\/05\/f997a3cc1e5246390be0e9daa5c3a29213515cb7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PointProbe\u00ae Plus<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/pointprobe-plus-lateral-force-microscopy-reflex-coating-afm-tip-PPP-LFMR\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PPP-LFMR<\/a> AFM probes operated in Lateral Force Microscopy (LFM) mode. Friction measurements were conducted under controlled normal loads ranging from 1 to 10 nN, allowing quantitative evaluation of the effects of metal doping on frictional performance. The results demonstrated that both Ti-DLC and Ti\/Ag-DLC coatings can reduce friction by up to twofold compared with undoped DLC films.<\/p>\n<p>This study highlights how advanced AFM characterization using NANOSENSORS <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/uploads\/media\/files\/0001\/05\/f997a3cc1e5246390be0e9daa5c3a29213515cb7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PointProbe\u00ae Plus<\/a> AFM probes contributes to understanding the relationship between composition, surface topography, nanomechanical behavior, and tribological performance in functional coating materials. The findings provide valuable insights for the development of next-generation DLC coatings with tunable hardness, roughness, wettability, and friction properties.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_5297\" style=\"width: 1909px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/25113745\/NS2june-fig-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5297\" class=\"wp-image-5297 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/25113745\/NS2june-fig-4.png\" alt=\"Figure 4. AFM surface morphology micrographs 2D (3 \u00d7 3 \u03bcm2) and 3D (5 \u00d7 5 \u03bcm2) for Ti-DLC and Ti\/Ag-DLC films at various dopant levels. The accompanying table lists Rq (root mean square roughness) and Ra (arithmetic average roughness) for each film. Surface imaging and roughness analysis were performed using NANOSENSORS PointProbe\u00ae Plus PPP-NCHR AFM probes operating in tapping mode.\" width=\"1899\" height=\"2204\" data-wp-pid=\"5297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/25113745\/NS2june-fig-4.png 1899w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/25113745\/NS2june-fig-4-258x300.png 258w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/25113745\/NS2june-fig-4-882x1024.png 882w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/25113745\/NS2june-fig-4-768x891.png 768w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/25113745\/NS2june-fig-4-1323x1536.png 1323w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/25113745\/NS2june-fig-4-1765x2048.png 1765w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/25113745\/NS2june-fig-4-271x315.png 271w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1899px) 100vw, 1899px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-5297\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 4. AFM surface morphology micrographs 2D (3 \u00d7 3 \u03bcm2) and 3D (5 \u00d7 5 \u03bcm2) for Ti-DLC and Ti\/Ag-DLC films at various dopant levels. The accompanying table lists Rq (root mean square roughness) and Ra (arithmetic average roughness) for each film.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Full citation:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><br \/>\n<\/em>Platnieks, O.; Marcinauskas, L.; Zhairabany, H.; Sarakovskis, A.; Vanags, E.; Gaidukovs, S.; Khaksar, H.; Gnecco, E.<br \/>\n<strong>Comparative Study of Titanium-Doped and Titanium\u2013Silver Co-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Films.<\/strong><br \/>\nACS Omega 2026, 11(1), 1970\u20131980.<em><br \/>\n<\/em><a title=\"DOI URL\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c10368\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.5c10368<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"article__cc-license__para\">The article \u201c<em>Comparative Study of Titanium-Doped and Titanium\u2013Silver Co-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Films&#8221;<\/em>\u00a0is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings are widely used in engineering and materials science due to their excellent hardness, wear resistance, and low friction properties. In this article, Oskars Platnieks, Liutauras Marcinauskas, Hassan Zhairabany, Anatolijs Sarakovskis, Edgars Vanags, Sergejs Gaidukovs, Hesam Khaksar, and Enrico Gnecco investigate the effects of titanium doping and titanium\u2013silver co-doping on the structural,&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/comparative-study-of-titanium-doped-and-titanium-silver-co-doped-diamond-like-carbon-films\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Comparative Study of Titanium-Doped and Titanium\u2013Silver Co-Doped Diamond-Like Carbon Films<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5297,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,16],"tags":[1202,565,324,339,398,1234,1230,1229,508,1232,608,626,77,385,14,37,27,614,246,1233,1231,1221],"class_list":{"0":"post-5296","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-nanosensors-news","8":"category-science-technology","9":"tag-afmprobe","10":"tag-atomicforcemicroscopy","11":"tag-afmtips","12":"tag-afm","14":"tag-coatingmaterials","15":"tag-diamondlikecarbon","16":"tag-dlcfilms","17":"tag-friction","18":"tag-lateralforcemicroscopy","19":"tag-lfm","20":"tag-materialsresearch","21":"tag-nanosensors","22":"tag-nanotribology","23":"tag-pointprobeplus","24":"tag-pointprobe-plus","25":"tag-pointprobe-plus-ppp","26":"tag-ppp-lfmr","27":"tag-ppp-nchr","28":"tag-surfaceroughness","29":"tag-surfacetopography","30":"tag-thinfilms"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5296"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5323,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5296\/revisions\/5323"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}