{"id":4883,"date":"2024-03-15T09:51:33","date_gmt":"2024-03-15T07:51:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/?p=4883"},"modified":"2024-03-15T16:41:17","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T14:41:17","slug":"mitochondrial-derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-atp-synthase","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/mitochondrial-derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-atp-synthase\/","title":{"rendered":"Mitochondrial-derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vesicular transport is a means of communication. *<\/p>\n<p>While cells can communicate with each other via secretion of extracellular vesicles, less is known regarding organelle\u2010to organelle communication, particularly in the case of mitochondria. *<\/p>\n<p>Mitochondria are responsible for the production of energy and for essential metabolic pathways in the cell, as well as fundamental processes such as apoptosis and aging. *<\/p>\n<p>In the article \u201cMitochondrial\u2010derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase\u201d Reut Hazan (Ben\u2010Menachem), Dvora Lintzer, Tamar Ziv, Koyeli Das, Irit Rosenhek\u2010Goldian, Ziv Porat, Hila Ben Ami Pilo, Sharon Karniely, Ann Saada, Neta Regev\u2010Rudzki and Orphry Pines show that functional mitochondria isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae release vesicles, independent of the fission machinery. *<\/p>\n<p>They isolate these mitochondrial\u2010derived vesicles (MDVs) and find that they are relatively uniform in size, of about 100\u2009nm, and carry selective protein cargo enriched for ATP synthase subunits. *<\/p>\n<p>Remarkably, the authors further find that these MDVs harbor a functional ATP synthase complex. We demonstrate that these vesicles have a membrane potential, produce ATP, and seem to fuse with naive mitochondria. *<\/p>\n<p>The findings by Reut Hazan et al. reveal a possible delivery mechanism of ATP\u2010producing vesicles, which can potentially regenerate ATP\u2010deficient mitochondria and may participate in organelle\u2010to\u2010organelle communication. *<\/p>\n<p>Imaging analyses of mitochondrial\u2010derived vesicles by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), verified that these vesicles are within a range of 50 to 200\u2009nm diameter. *<\/p>\n<p>Freshly cleaved mica surface was incubated with 10\u2009mM MgCl2 solution for 2 min, then rinsed with 200 \u03bcl PBS. 50 \u03bcl of MDV solution was placed on the Mg\u2010modified mica for 10\u2009min. An additional 50 \u03bcl PBS solution was added to the sample prior to scanning. *<\/p>\n<p>Images were captured with atomic force microscopy in QI<sup>TM<\/sup><sup>\u00b9<\/sup> mode using NANOSENSORS<sup>TM <\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/uploads\/media\/files\/0001\/05\/99a5bb03a57561c33fc8374eca2747fdb83ff15d.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">uniqprobe<sup>TM<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/uniqprobe-uniform-quality-bioac-with-rounded-tips-for-cell-imaging-afm-tip-qp-BioAC-CI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">qp-BioAC-CI<\/a> (CB2 or CB1 ) AFM probes. The qp-BioAC-CI AFM probes with their rounded AFM tips (typical AFM tip radius 30nm) on three soft AFM cantilevers ( typical spring constant \u2009CB1: 0.3 N\/m , typical spring constant CB2: 0.1 N\/m, typical spring constant CB3: 0.06 N\/m ) are especially designed for cell imaging. *<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4886\" style=\"width: 2010px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14191033\/Fig-2-B-from-Reut-Hazan-et-al-Mitochondrial%E2%80%90derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-ATP-synthase-NANOSENSORS-qp-BioAC-CI-AFM-probes-blog.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4886\" class=\"wp-image-4886 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14191033\/Fig-2-B-from-Reut-Hazan-et-al-Mitochondrial%E2%80%90derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-ATP-synthase-NANOSENSORS-qp-BioAC-CI-AFM-probes-blog.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 2 B from Reut Hazan et al. 2023 \u201cMitochondrial\u2010derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase\u201d: Characterization of MDVs from wild\u2010type mitochondria B. Atomic force microscopy. Representative AFM image and a 3D AFM image of one representative vesicle (WT), adsorbed on a mica modified with Mg2+ and imaged under PBS. Please refer to the full article cited below to view the full figure. NANOSENSORSTM uniqprobeTM qp-BioAC-CI AFM probes with rounded AFM tips designed for cell imaging were used for the characterization by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in QI mode. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"2412\" data-wp-pid=\"4886\" srcset=\"https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14191033\/Fig-2-B-from-Reut-Hazan-et-al-Mitochondrial%E2%80%90derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-ATP-synthase-NANOSENSORS-qp-BioAC-CI-AFM-probes-blog.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14191033\/Fig-2-B-from-Reut-Hazan-et-al-Mitochondrial%E2%80%90derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-ATP-synthase-NANOSENSORS-qp-BioAC-CI-AFM-probes-blog-249x300.jpg 249w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14191033\/Fig-2-B-from-Reut-Hazan-et-al-Mitochondrial%E2%80%90derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-ATP-synthase-NANOSENSORS-qp-BioAC-CI-AFM-probes-blog-849x1024.jpg 849w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14191033\/Fig-2-B-from-Reut-Hazan-et-al-Mitochondrial%E2%80%90derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-ATP-synthase-NANOSENSORS-qp-BioAC-CI-AFM-probes-blog-768x926.jpg 768w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14191033\/Fig-2-B-from-Reut-Hazan-et-al-Mitochondrial%E2%80%90derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-ATP-synthase-NANOSENSORS-qp-BioAC-CI-AFM-probes-blog-1274x1536.jpg 1274w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14191033\/Fig-2-B-from-Reut-Hazan-et-al-Mitochondrial%E2%80%90derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-ATP-synthase-NANOSENSORS-qp-BioAC-CI-AFM-probes-blog-1698x2048.jpg 1698w, https:\/\/d218f3btfcac6d.cloudfront.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/14191033\/Fig-2-B-from-Reut-Hazan-et-al-Mitochondrial%E2%80%90derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-ATP-synthase-NANOSENSORS-qp-BioAC-CI-AFM-probes-blog-261x315.jpg 261w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-4886\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2 B from Reut Hazan et al. 2023 \u201cMitochondrial\u2010derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase\u201d:<br \/>Characterization of MDVs from wild\u2010type mitochondria<br \/>B.<br \/>Atomic force microscopy. Representative AFM image and a 3D AFM image of one representative vesicle (WT), adsorbed on a mica modified with Mg2+ and imaged under PBS.<br \/>Please refer to the full article cited below to view the full figure.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>*Reut Hazan (Ben\u2010Menachem), Dvora Lintzer, Tamar Ziv, Koyeli Das, Irit Rosenhek\u2010Goldian, Ziv Porat, Hila Ben Ami Pilo, Sharon Karniely, Ann Saada, Neta Regev\u2010Rudzki and Orphry Pines<br \/>\n<strong>Mitochondrial<\/strong><strong>\u2010<\/strong><strong>derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase<\/strong><br \/>\nEMBO rep (2023) 24: e56114<br \/>\nDOI: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embr.202256114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embr.202256114<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Open Access: The article \u201c<em>Mitochondrial<\/em><em>\u2010<\/em><em>derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase<\/em>\u201d by Reut Hazan (Ben\u2010Menachem), Dvora Lintzer, Tamar Ziv, Koyeli Das, Irit Rosenhek\u2010Goldian, Ziv Porat, Hila Ben Ami Pilo, Sharon Karniely, Ann Saada, Neta Regev\u2010Rudzki and Orphry Pines is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u00b9QI<sup>TM<\/sup> mode is a trademark of Bruker Nano GmbH<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vesicular transport is a means of communication. * While cells can communicate with each other via secretion of extracellular vesicles, less is known regarding organelle\u2010to organelle communication, particularly in the case of mitochondria. * Mitochondria are responsible for the production of energy and for essential metabolic pathways in the cell, as well as fundamental processes&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/mitochondrial-derived-vesicles-retain-membrane-potential-and-contain-a-functional-atp-synthase\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Mitochondrial-derived vesicles retain membrane potential and contain a functional ATP synthase<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4886,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[17,18,448,339,398,901,899,84,278,132,479,85,902,897,903,900,904,898,905,477,83,50,498,896,895,906,442,400,728,729,730],"class_list":{"0":"post-4883","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-science-technology","8":"tag-afm-probes","9":"tag-afm-tips","10":"tag-afm","13":"tag-atp-synthase","14":"tag-biochemical-pathways","15":"tag-biology","16":"tag-cell-biology","17":"tag-cell-imaging","18":"tag-cellular-biology","19":"tag-life-sciences","20":"tag-membrane-potential","21":"tag-membranes","22":"tag-mitochondria","23":"tag-mitochondrial-proteins","24":"tag-mitochondrial-derived-vesicles","25":"tag-mitochondrialderived-vesicles-mdvs","26":"tag-protein-distribution","27":"tag-qp-bioac-ci","28":"tag-soft-cantilevers","29":"tag-uniqprobe","30":"tag-uniqprobes","31":"tag-vesicles","32":"tag-vesicular-transport","34":"tag-442","35":"tag-400","36":"tag-728","37":"tag-729","38":"tag-730"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4883"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4892,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4883\/revisions\/4892"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4886"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}