![\"Figure](\"https:\/\/nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-1-from-Direct-evidence-for-grain-boundary-passivation-in-CuInGaSe2-solar-cells-through-alkali-fluoride-post-deposition-treatments-by-S.-Sadewasser-et-al-2.jpg\")
Representative KPFM results on annealed and rinsed AlkF-PDT CIGSe absorbers. From left to right the data correspond to KF-, RbF-, and CsF-PDT. a\u2013c Topography images, d\u2013f simultaneously acquired work function maps measured under dark conditions, and g histograms extracted from the work function maps; dashed lines indicate Gaussian fits and the bars with the numbers the spread at 1\/e of the peak maximum <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
*Nicoleta Nicoara, Roby Manaligod, Philip Jackson, Dimitrios Hariskos, Wolfram Witte, Giovanna Sozzi, Roberto Menozzi, Sascha Sadewasser Please follow this external link to the full article: https:\/\/rdcu.be\/bQMwq<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nOpen\nAccess The article \u00ab Direct evidence for grain boundary passivation\nin Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells through alkali-fluoride post-deposition treatments\u201d\nby Nicoleta Nicoara, Roby Manaligod, Philip Jackson, Dimitrios Hariskos,\nWolfram Witte, Giovanna Sozzi, Roberto Menozzi and Sascha Sadewasser is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution\n4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution\nand reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate\ncredit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative\nCommons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third\nparty material in this article are included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons\nlicense, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If\nmaterial is not included in the article\u2019s Creative Commons license and your\nintended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted\nuse, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To\nview a copy of this license, visit http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/.\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" The properties and performance of polycrystalline materials depend critically on the properties of their grain boundaries.* In the article \u201cDirect evidence for grain boundary passivation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells through alkali-fluoride post-deposition treatments \u201c Nicoleta Nicoara, Roby Manaligod, Philip Jackson, Dimitrios Hariskos, Wolfram Witte, Giovanna Sozzi, Roberto Menozzi and Sascha Sadewasser investigate the direct evidence… Read More »Direct evidence for grain boundary passivation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells through alkali-fluoride post-deposition treatments<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[19,186,206,58,23,49,236,37,27,344,343],"class_list":["post-4316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-technology","tag-atomic-force-microscopy","tag-conductive-afm-probes","tag-electronic-properties-and-materials","tag-kelvin-force-probe-microscopy","tag-kelvin-probe-force-microscopy-kpfm","tag-kpfm","tag-platinum-iridum-coated-pointprobe-plus","tag-pointprobe-plus","tag-pointprobe-plus-ppp","tag-ppp-nclpt","tag-solar-cells"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4316","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4316"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4316\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4316"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4316"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nanosensors.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4316"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Direct evidence for grain boundary passivation in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells through alkali-fluoride post-deposition treatments<\/strong>
Nature Communications, volume 10, Article number: 3980 (2019)
DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-11996-y<\/p>\n\n\n\n